Practical English-language guides on the Turkish legal questions foreigners and businesses ask most — search by topic, or browse by area below.
What ISTAC is, how its Arbitration Rules, Fast Track procedure and emergency arbitrator work, and why a foreign business contracti
Read article →A foundational guide to arbitration in Türkiye for foreign businesses: domestic arbitration under the HMK (Law No. 6100) vs intern
Read article →How to challenge or set aside an arbitral award in Türkiye. The limited annulment grounds under Law No. 4686 and HMK No. 6100, the
Read article →How to draft a valid, enforceable arbitration clause for a Türkiye-connected contract: seat, ISTAC vs ICC vs ad hoc, language, arb
Read article →To enforce a foreign court judgment in Türkiye, you must first have it declared enforceable (tenfiz) by a Turkish court under MÖHU
Read article →How foreign creditors enforce an arbitral award in Türkiye under the 1958 New York Convention and MÖHUK No. 5718 — the tenfiz cour
Read article →A balanced, plain-English guide for foreign businesses deciding between international arbitration and Turkish court litigation in
Read article →How banking law works in Türkiye for foreign businesses: Banking Law No. 5411, the BDDK, the CBRT, AML rules and where disputes go
Read article →How loan and credit agreements work in Türkiye for foreign borrowers and lenders: security, FX rules and default. Plain English. T
Read article →How foreign-owned companies open a corporate bank account in Türkiye: documents, KYC/UBO checks, common refusals, and remote/PoA o
Read article →How a foreign parent repatriates profits and dividends from Türkiye (Turkey): the dividend process, withholding tax, the FX transf
Read article →How Türkiye's Capital Markets Law No. 6362 and the SPK regulate issuers, investors and Borsa İstanbul. A plain-English overview fo
Read article →How investment funds work in Türkiye: mutual, real estate (GYF) and venture (GSYF) funds, SPK oversight and foreign-investor acces
Read article →A plain-English guide to going public in Türkiye: SPK prospectus (izahname) approval, Borsa İstanbul listing, and ongoing disclosu
Read article →How to set up or invest in a venture capital fund in Turkey (GSYF): who may found one, the qualified-investor rule, the limits and
Read article →Turkish citizenship by investment in 2026: the USD 400,000 property route, deposit and capital options, costs, timeline and docume
Read article →Five ways foreigners get Turkish citizenship: birth, descent, marriage, 5-year residence, and investment from USD 400,000.
Read article →Get Turkish citizenship with a bank deposit (USD 500,000 at the time of writing, periodically updated) held 3 years: thresholds, B
Read article →When a Turkish counterparty breaches your contract, the Turkish Code of Obligations gives you clear options: performance plus dama
Read article →How commercial contracts work in Türkiye for foreign companies: contract formation, form and language rules, essential clauses, an
Read article →A foreign supplier's guide to distribution, agency and franchise agreements in Türkiye: termination, exclusivity, and the goodwill
Read article →When does force majeure or hardship excuse a party in a Turkish contract? A clear guide to impossibility (TBK m.136-137) and exces
Read article →Planning to franchise in Turkey? A foreign franchisor's guide to the contract, trademark, fees, competition limits and exit. Talk
Read article →Can you choose foreign law and a foreign court for a Türkiye-connected contract? Choice of law under MÖHUK 5718, jurisdiction, arb
Read article →How penalty clauses (cezai şart) and liquidated damages work in Turkish contracts under TBK No. 6098 m.179-182 — types, enforceabi
Read article →How foreign companies resolve commercial contract disputes in Türkiye: the commercial courts, mandatory commercial mediation, ISTA
Read article →How a letter of credit in Turkey trade works, how it compares with advance payment, and which security to ask a Turkish buyer for.
Read article →Can a company own copyright in Turkey? A foreign-business guide to corporate authorship, employee works and economic rights under
Read article →Buying a business in Turkey as a foreign acquirer: share deal vs asset deal compared — liabilities, TTK formalities, employees, pe
Read article →How foreign investors use convertible loans and SAFEs in Turkey: legal basis, FX 12-month rule, key terms and risks. Talk to our I
Read article →A foreign director's guide to duties and personal liability in a Turkish company — including exposure for unpaid taxes and SGK pre
Read article →Wiring money to a supplier in Turkey? Check the trade registry and MERSIS, confirm who can legally sign, and spot the red flags fi
Read article →How foreigners form a company in Turkey: LLC vs JSC, capital, registry, tax and permits. Clear 2026 guide from Istanbul lawyers. T
Read article →Set up a 100%-foreign-owned free zone company in Turkey under Law No. 3218: customs, VAT and export tax relief, the licence proces
Read article →Sole proprietorship vs LLC in Turkey for foreigners: liability, 50,000 TL capital, tax, Bağ-Kur and setup compared. Get the right
Read article →How a US founder opens a Turkish company: entity choice, capital, work permits, tax and the US-Turkey treaty. Remote setup explain
Read article →How to liquidate or close a company in Turkey as a foreign owner — the dissolution, liquidation and deregistration steps that actu
Read article →When must foreign acquirers notify a deal in Turkey? The 2026 turnover thresholds (TRY 3bn / 1bn / 9bn), the suspensory regime and
Read article →When must a Turkish joint stock company keep a lawyer on retainer? Capital threshold, Attorneys Act Art. 35 rule, and fines explai
Read article →How a shareholders' agreement protects foreign partners in a joint venture in Turkey: veto rights, share transfers, deadlock and e
Read article →Are smart contracts enforceable under Turkish law? Form rules, e-signatures, evidence, and the 2024-2025 crypto-asset regime
Read article →How foreign companies legally hire in Turkey: contracts, SGK registration, work permits, severance and 2026 costs. Talk to our Ist
Read article →Does GDPR apply to your Turkish company? How GDPR and KVKK (Law 6698) overlap after the 2024 reform, plus 2026 fines. Talk to our
Read article →How Chinese companies can produce in Turkey and sell into the EU at zero tariff under the EU-Turkey Customs Union — what it covers
Read article →How foreign companies comply with Turkish competition law (Law No. 4054): cartels, dominance, merger thresholds, fines. Speak to I
Read article →Set up in a Turkish technopark under Law 4691: 0% tax to 2028, VAT and R&D incentives, and the fund obligation behind the headline
Read article →How foreign companies open a liaison office (irtibat bürosu) in Turkey: permit, allowed activities, tax rules and renewal terms.
Read article →What unfair competition means under Turkish Commercial Code: prohibited acts, civil and criminal claims, deadlines and courts. Tal
Read article →How US entrepreneurs start a business in Turkey in 2026: company types, capital, taxes, work and residence permits, costs and bank
Read article →How Turkish competition law (Act No. 4054, Article 6) treats abuse of a dominant position. What dominance means, which conducts co
Read article →What counts as a cartel under Turkish Law No. 4054 (Article 4): price fixing, market sharing, bid rigging, output limits — and how
Read article →How Turkish competition investigations work under Law No. 4054: preliminary inquiry, full investigation, defence rights, fines on
Read article →A dawn raid by Türkiye's Competition Authority? What case handlers can do under Law No. 4054, your rights and obligations, and a f
Read article →If your group discovers a Turkish cartel internally, leniency under Act No. 4054 can mean immunity from or reduction of fines. Her
Read article →How Turkish competition law treats distribution, supply and franchise agreements: the vertical block exemption (Communiqué No. 200
Read article →A clear guide to construction and zoning law in Türkiye for investors: building permits, occupancy, works contracts and where disp
Read article →How the works contract (eser sözleşmesi) protects foreign investors in Türkiye: price, delivery, defects, delay penalties and term
Read article →How a construction contract dispute in Turkey works under FIDIC: governing law, the DAAB ladder, arbitration and award enforcement
Read article →How kat karşılığı inşaat (flat-for-land) deals work in Türkiye: the landowner-developer swap, notary form rules, title, and contra
Read article →How fraud (dolandırıcılık) is defined, prosecuted and punished under Turkish law. Penalties, courts and deadlines for foreigners.
Read article →If a cheque bounces in Türkiye, Cheque Law No. 5941 lets the holder seek a judicial fine and a cheque-issuing ban against the issu
Read article →How bribery and corruption law works in Türkiye under TCK Article 252 — what counts as a bribe, corporate exposure, foreign-offici
Read article →Cybercrime in Turkey: how it is prosecuted under TCK 5237 and KVKK 6698, penalties, breach deadlines, and how foreigners recover l
Read article →A plain-English guide to breach of trust (TCK 155), embezzlement (zimmet, TCK 247) and service-based breach of trust in Turkish cr
Read article →When can a foreign director or manager be personally prosecuted in Turkey? Tax, data, cheque, trade-registry and safety offences e
Read article →How Türkiye fights money laundering: Law No. 5549, MASAK, KYC and suspicious-transaction duties, and the TCK Article 282 offence.
Read article →How tax evasion offences (vergi kaçakçılığı) work under Tax Procedure Law No. 213 m.359 in Türkiye: false invoices, hidden books,
Read article →Official misconduct (görevi kötüye kullanma) under TCK Article 257: definition, elements, penalties, time limits and what foreigne
Read article →How Turkey penalizes fintech firms: Central Bank (TCMB) fines under Law No. 6493 plus personal criminal liability for executives.
Read article →Operating or working for an unlicensed investment or brokerage business in Türkiye is a separate offence from fraud. What Law 6362
Read article →Crypto laws in Turkey for 2026: CMB licensing, the payment ban, MASAK rules and tax, explained for foreign investors. Talk to a Tu
Read article →Getting a fintech license in Turkey: the Central Bank's two-stage payment and e-money application, the capital, guarantees, fees a
Read article →Crypto platforms in Turkey are licensed by the CMB under Law 7518: capital rules, deadlines, AML duties. Get clear guidance for fo
Read article →How Turkey regulates crypto under Law 7518 and the SPK: licensing, capital, MASAK rules and 2026 tax news. A current guide for for
Read article →How foreign companies can legally transfer personal data out of Türkiye under KVKK No. 6698 as amended by Law No. 7499 (2024): ade
Read article →A plain-English guide to KVKK (Law No. 6698) for foreign companies handling data of people in Türkiye: scope, GDPR comparison, VER
Read article →If your company processes data linked to Türkiye, a breach triggers KVKK duties: notify the Board promptly, tell affected people,
Read article →GDPR compliance does not equal KVKK compliance. A comparison of Turkey's Law No. 6698 and the EU GDPR after the 2024 reform — for
Read article →How foreign companies can lawfully process personal data linked to Türkiye under KVKK No. 6698: explicit consent, the alternative
Read article →How foreign companies handle data subject rights and requests under Turkey's KVKK (Law No. 6698, as amended in 2024) — the applica
Read article →A plain-English guide to VERBİS registration under Turkey's KVKK (Law No. 6698, m.16) for foreign companies: who must register, ex
Read article →Recover unpaid debts in Turkey: enforcement (icra) proceedings, payment orders, objections, attachment and bounced cheques.
Read article →Stop a wrongful enforcement file in Turkey with a menfi tespit (negative declaratory) action: security, burden of proof, deadlines
Read article →Living abroad? Learn the 3 ways foreigners grant a valid power of attorney for use in Turkey — and which is fastest. Talk to a Tur
Read article →How foreigners grant a power of attorney (vekaletname) valid in Turkey: notary, consulate or apostille routes, documents and trans
Read article →Recover money paid by mistake or without legal cause in Turkey: unjust enrichment under TBK Arts. 77-82, time limits, and how fore
Read article →Since Sept 2023 you must try mediation before an izale-i suyu (dissolution of co-ownership) lawsuit in Turkey. A clear guide for f
Read article →Partial lawsuit (kısmi dava) or indeterminate claim suit (belirsiz alacak davası)? Protect your limitation period under HMK 107 &
Read article →Precautionary attachment (ihtiyati haciz) lets a creditor freeze a Turkish debtor's assets before judgment. Here is when it is gra
Read article →How Article 21 and MERNIS service work in Turkish enforcement, plus the 2020 rule and how to challenge a defective payment order.
Read article →How foreign employees can quit instantly for just cause under Article 24 and keep severance in Turkey. Talk to our Istanbul employ
Read article →A clear guide to employment contracts in Türkiye for foreign employers: contract types, written form, probation, working hours, an
Read article →Hiring staff in Türkiye as a foreign company? Here are your SGK registration, social-security premium, payroll and tax-withholding
Read article →The severance pay ceiling in Turkey for early 2026 was about 64,948.77 TL per year (revised twice a year; confirm the current figu
Read article →Recent Turkish employment law updates for foreign employers: 2025 OHS duty, 2026 wage and severance figures, labour mediation. Get
Read article →A foreign employer's guide to lawful dismissal in Türkiye: valid reason vs just cause, notice and severance pay, and reinstatement
Read article →How Turkish Labour Courts work for foreign employees and employers: jurisdiction, mandatory mediation, deadlines, venue and appeal
Read article →How işe iade (reinstatement) claims work in Türkiye: thresholds, the 1-month deadline, mandatory mediation, valid reason, and what
Read article →How foreign companies sponsor work permits and how foreigners get one in Türkiye under Law No. 6735. Types, criteria, processing,
Read article →How Turkey regulates oil, gas, LPG, electricity, nuclear and boron — Turkish energy law for foreign investors, explained by Istanb
Read article →How foreigners invest in Turkey's oil & gas sector: MAPEG and EMRA licensing, upstream vs downstream rules, tax and entry routes.
Read article →How foreign investors enter Türkiye's renewable energy market: licensed vs unlicensed generation, the YEKDEM support mechanism, th
Read article →How Turkish courts decide child custody, alimony and asset division in divorce, explained for foreigners under TMK 4721. Get clear
Read article →How Turkish law splits personal vs acquired property in divorce. Only acquired assets are shared, half each (TMK 4721). See what s
Read article →Deserted by your spouse? Learn how abandonment divorce works in Turkey under TMK 164: the 6-month rule, the ihtar warning, and wha
Read article →How foreigners file for divorce in Turkey: jurisdiction, grounds, contested vs uncontested, custody, property, costs and recogniti
Read article →How property is divided in a Turkish divorce: regime liquidation, acquired vs personal assets, the 10-year claim deadline. Talk to
Read article →Claim pecuniary and non-pecuniary (moral) damages in Turkey: grounds, calculation, deadlines, courts and enforcement. Talk to an I
Read article →How a prenuptial agreement works in Turkey for foreign couples: the four marital property regimes, notary rules, and which law app
Read article →Make a foreign divorce valid in Turkey: Tanıma vs Tenfiz, MÖHUK rules, the fast 27/A route, documents and timelines. Request a rev
Read article →How Turkey's 2002 Civil Code split marital property regimes, and what foreigners keep or share in a divorce. Talk to Istanbul lawy
Read article →Grounds for divorce in Turkey explained for foreigners: special vs general causes, fault, alimony, timelines, and filing from abro
Read article →Divorcing in Turkey? Learn the financial claims that decide who keeps what, plus the 10-year deadline to act. Plain-English guide
Read article →If a foreign national is arrested in Turkey, here is the criminal process step by step, and the rights you hold from minute one.
Read article →If your relative faces deportation after prison in Türkiye, you have 7 days to challenge the order — learn how the process works a
Read article →A detained foreigner in Türkiye has the right to a lawyer, silence, an interpreter and consular help — here is how a family abroad
Read article →If your relative is in Maltepe Prison (3 No'lu L Tipi), this guide explains where they are, their rights, and how you can help the
Read article →Learn how to send money, letters and calls to an inmate in Türkiye, what you can send in, and how a lawyer confirms the rules for
Read article →This plain-English guide explains how prisoner transfer from Turkey works: the law, the conditions, who decides, and honest timeli
Read article →A calm, practical guide for a foreign family: how to visit a relative in a Turkish prison, who may visit, the visit types, and wha
Read article →IP enforcement Turkey: how brand owners use customs seizure, injunctions, civil and criminal action to act against counterfeits. T
Read article →Register and protect a geographical indication in Turkey under Law No. 6769. A clear guide for foreign producers and exporters. Ta
Read article →Register, protect and enforce trademark rights in Turkey under Law 6769. First-to-file rules, infringement, revocation and remedie
Read article →Register a trademark in Turkey: TURKPATENT process, cost, timeline, classes and protection under Law No. 6769. Get a clear roadmap
Read article →Yes, the US and Turkey both allow dual citizenship. Law 5901 routes, military service, taxes and passports explained.
Read article →Your spouse and children can join you in Turkey on a family residence permit — here is who qualifies, the income test, how long it
Read article →How Turkey entry bans work for foreigners: legal grounds, overstay ban lengths, the 7-day deportation deadline, and how to check,
Read article →Grounds for deportation in Turkey under Law 6458, entry bans, detention, and how to appeal within 7 days. Talk to an immigration l
Read article →How foreigners get a Turkish residence permit in 2026: permit types, the current property threshold (around USD 200,000), closed d
Read article →Visa-free entry to Turkey from 2 January 2026 covers tourism and transit only — not work, study or residence. Here is what Chinese
Read article →What Turkey's tahdit (restriction) codes mean for foreigners, why entry bans appear, and how to challenge a V, Ç, G, N, O or K cod
Read article →Where can Turkish passport holders travel visa-free in 2026? See the full country list, where you still need a visa, and how forei
Read article →Arrested or charged in Turkey as a foreigner? Custody rights, trial, deportation and entry bans explained. Get a Turkish criminal-
Read article →Work visa, work permit or residence permit in Turkey? A residence permit lets you live but not work. Here is which document you ac
Read article →A US citizen can generally inherit and hold Turkish property. See the succession law, tax, tapu transfer, and the remote steps, th
Read article →Cut out of a Turkish estate by a fake "sale"? Learn how heirs void a disguised sale (muris muvazaası) with a tapu cancellation law
Read article →How shares in a Turkish limited liability company pass to heirs, the company's 3-month buy-out right, and what foreign heirs must
Read article →How Türkiye's inheritance and transfer tax (Law No. 7338) applies to foreigners inheriting Turkish assets: who is liable, the decl
Read article →A clear guide for foreign heirs to inherited property in Türkiye: the certificate of inheritance, registering the Tapu, documents,
Read article →Inherited Turkish assets but fear the deceased's debts? Learn how to renounce (reject) an inheritance in Türkiye under Civil Code
Read article →Who inherits under Turkish law and how the forced share (saklı pay) protects close heirs. A plain-English guide for foreigners und
Read article →Which Turkish court hears a cross-border inheritance, which law applies, and how foreign heirs get a certificate (MÖHUK 5718). Tal
Read article →How foreigners make a valid Turkish will (vasiyetname) under the Civil Code No. 4721: official, holographic and oral forms, the fo
Read article →How salvage rewards, special compensation and ship arrest work under Turkish maritime law (TTK 6102). Clear guidance for foreign o
Read article →Turkish maritime law explained for foreign shipowners and traders: carriage of goods, ship arrest, salvage, time bars and disputes
Read article →Turkish maritime law for foreign shipowners: registration and TUGS tax, charterparties, ship arrest, cargo claims, collision liabi
Read article →Can a foreigner register a boat or yacht in Turkey? Yes, through the mooring registry with a residence permit, or a Turkish compan
Read article →Turkish shipping and maritime law explained for foreign owners: vessel registration, cabotage, ship arrest, liens and disputes. Ta
Read article →Bills of lading, CMR notes, air waybills and rail notes for shipments to and from Turkey: what each proves, liability caps and cla
Read article →Turkish maritime law explained for foreign owners and charterers: the Commercial Code, ship arrest, cargo, salvage and time limits
Read article →How foreigners claim compensation for medical malpractice in Turkish public hospitals: administrative courts, deadlines, damages.
Read article →Patient rights, malpractice claims and consent under Turkish law: what foreign patients can do when care goes wrong, with deadline
Read article →Medical malpractice in Turkey: the four elements you must prove, plus time limits and how foreigners file. Duty, breach, causation
Read article →How accident and injury compensation is calculated in Turkey: the TRH-2010 method, what raises or lowers the amount, and a free ca
Read article →How foreigners claim compensation for medical malpractice at a Turkish university hospital: administrative court, deadlines, and e
Read article →Foreign and US patients can claim compensation for negligent treatment in Turkey. Courts, time limits, proof and damages explained
Read article →Hurt by a hair transplant, cosmetic surgery, dental work or treatment in Türkiye? How foreigners claim compensation for medical ma
Read article →How foreign doctors get a medical license in Turkey: diploma equivalence, preliminary permit, work and residence permits, Medical
Read article →Informed consent in Turkey: when missing consent makes a doctor liable, who pays, and how foreign patients claim compensation. Tal
Read article →Harmed by medical negligence in Turkey? See how foreigners claim compensation, the 2 to 5 year deadlines, and proof you need.
Read article →Doctors in Turkey face civil, criminal and administrative liability for malpractice. Learn your rights as a foreign patient and ta
Read article →Medical malpractice in Turkey: foreigners' guide to suing a doctor or hospital, proving negligence, deadlines and compensation.
Read article →Yes, Americans can buy property in Turkey. An Istanbul law firm explains tapu title checks, safe payment, remote purchase by PoA,
Read article →A China-focused legal playbook for avoiding Turkish property and citizenship (CBI) fraud after the 2025 scandal: title checks, inf
Read article →Construction company delivering your Turkey property late? Claim lost rent, penalty and damages under Turkish law. Foreign-buyer g
Read article →How to evict a long-term tenant in Turkey under the 10-year extension rule (TBK 347): notice form, three-month deadline, court ste
Read article →Tenant not paying rent in Turkey? See the 30-day notice, mandatory mediation, enforcement (İİK) and eviction steps under Turkish l
Read article →Turkey lease law for foreigners: CPI rent cap, eviction grounds, deposit limit, notice periods and FX rules. Have your lease revie
Read article →Turkey Real Estate Investment Fund (REIF) rules for foreign investors: Project REIFs, residential projects, the new tax conditions
Read article →Property tax in Türkiye (Turkey) is low for foreign owners, but emlak vergisi, DASK and aidat add up. See the real annual cost, an
Read article →Rental dispute resolution in Turkey: mandatory mediation, rent caps, deposits, eviction and the courts. Clear guidance for foreign
Read article →Rental law in Turkey for foreign tenants and landlords: rent increase caps, eviction grounds, deposits and disputes explained. Kno
Read article →Renting out property in Turkey as a foreigner: rental income tax, the lease contract, CPI rent caps, deposits and managing it from
Read article →Selling property in Turkey as a foreigner: capital gains tax, the tapu transfer process, the appraisal rule and moving the proceed
Read article →Evict a habitually late tenant in Turkey under the two justified warnings rule (TBK 352/2). Conditions, deadlines, mandatory media
Read article →Türkiye enforces a foreign judgment only when it meets the four MÖHUK article 54 conditions — here is what the court checks and wh
Read article →Facing a tenfiz action? Learn the limited, condition-based grounds to defend against enforcement of a foreign judgment in Türkiye
Read article →What documents a tenfiz case needs in Türkiye: the final judgment, apostille, sworn Turkish translation and a power of attorney, e
Read article →How to enforce a foreign arbitral award in Türkiye under the New York Convention: the competent court, the documents, the timeline
Read article →Won abroad? See how to enforce a foreign judgment against assets in Türkiye through tenfiz and İİK execution, and freeze assets be
Read article →An honest timeline and cost guide to enforcing a foreign judgment in Türkiye — from a six-month uncontested tenfiz to contested ca
Read article →Public policy (kamu düzeni) is the narrow ground on which a foreign judgment gets refused in Türkiye — see what it means and how t
Read article →Reciprocity decides whether you can enforce a foreign judgment in Türkiye: learn the three forms and why recognition needs none.
Read article →A foreign inheritance ruling must be recognised (tanıma) in Türkiye to count, and Turkish real estate still follows Turkish succes
Read article →Recognition (tanıma) proves a foreign judgment in Türkiye while enforcement (tenfiz) lets you seize assets — learn which you need
Read article →If you sue or seek enforcement in Türkiye as a foreign claimant, a court may order security for costs under HMK 84 unless a treaty
Read article →A Turkish tenfiz case goes to the asliye hukuk or commercial court where the respondent lives, or to Ankara, İstanbul or İzmir if
Read article →Turkish sports clubs run on Law No. 7405. See how naming rights are sold, which club assets a creditor can seize, and how a spor a
Read article →How corporate tax (kurumlar vergisi) works in Türkiye for foreign companies: full vs limited taxpayer, branch vs subsidiary, advan
Read article →How Türkiye's double tax treaties prevent double taxation for foreign companies and investors — reduced withholding on dividends,
Read article →Importing to Turkey: customs rules for foreign exporters — importer of record, HS code, valuation, origin, permits, duty relief an
Read article →How a foreign company creates a permanent establishment in Turkey, when tax residency applies, and how to structure sales, staff a
Read article →How a foreign company faces a Turkish tax audit (vergi incelemesi): assessment, penalties, the uzlaşma settlement, correction requ
Read article →How Türkiye taxes foreigners: resident (tam mükellef) vs non-resident (dar mükellef) status, the residence tests under Income Tax
Read article →How customs duty, VAT and special consumption tax work in Turkey in 2026 for foreigners and businesses. Rates, the new e-commerce
Read article →Turkey income tax for foreigners: tax residency, the 2026 15-40% brackets, rental and property rules, deadlines and double-tax rel
Read article →How Turkish VAT (KDV) works for foreign companies: when you must register, the reverse-charge rule on services from abroad, export
Read article →How Turkish withholding tax (stopaj/tevkifat) applies to dividends, interest, royalties, service fees and rent paid to non-residen
Read article →No treaty bans conventional anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons; the 1967 Outer Space Treaty bans only WMD in orbit. A current 2026 guid
Read article →How AI is regulated in Turkey in 2026: KVKK data rules, the EU AI Act's reach, liability and IP, explained for foreign businesses.
Read article →Animal protection law in Turkey explained: Law No. 5199, the 2021 cruelty penalties, the 2024 stray-dog rules upheld in 2025. Spea
Read article →Can AI be a director in Türkiye? Who is liable for AI decisions? A 2026 guide for foreign companies on governance, KVKK and pendin
Read article →How space law limits military use of orbit, where the Outer Space Treaty falls short, and what the legal gaps mean for your busine
Read article →Türkiye's Cybersecurity Law No. 7545: scope, the Cybersecurity Presidency, fines up to 5% of turnover, and what foreign businesses
Read article →Current 2026 minimum salary for a Turkish work permit by job type, plus the 2024 rule change. Multipliers, gross figures and compl
Read article →Tell us your commercial, corporate or personal matter and get a clear, fixed-fee answer from a real Turkish lawyer — usually within one business day.
